Biochemistry – Solved University MCQ’s
Access to Subscribers Only
Login / Register To Unlock The Content!
BIOCHEMISTRY (A and B 2023/02 Mains)
1. An 8 year old child experiences episodes of hypoglycaemia,after eating fruits.Biochemical testing showed low activity of aldolase B in his liver cells.What is your most probable diagnosis?
a.Essential fructosuria b.Hereditary fructose intolerance c.Galactosaemia d.Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Answer:b
Hereditary fructose intolerance is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by absence of enzyme aldolase B. Aldolase B is an essential enzyme responsible for breakdown of fructose-1-phosphate into glyceraldehydes and dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
2.Major complication of the above condition is
a.Liver damage b.Renal failure c Retinopathy d. Cataract
Answer: a
Fructose 1 phosphate inhibits glycogen phosphorylase.As a result glycogen accumulates in liver causing karyorrhexis and karyolysis resulting in death of hepatocytes.
3. A 3 month old female infant suffers from bouts of vomiting and failure to gain weight.Plasma concentration of glutamine and ammonia were markedly elevated,but low concentration of citrulline was reported.The infant suffers from:
a.Parkinson’s disease b. Acquired hyperammonaemia c.Maple syrup urine disease d.Hereditary hyperammonaemia
Answer:d
4.The enzyme deficient in this infant is
a.Glutamate dehydrogenase b.Ornithine transcarbamoylase c.Glutamine synthetase d.Glutaminase
Answer:b
5. A 14 year old child with type 1 diabetes suffers burns during festival. His blood glucose should be carefully monitored because his daily insulin dose is likely to
a.Increase b.Decrease c.No change d.May increase or decrease depending upon body weight.
Answer: a
6. Reason for change in insulin dose in above patient is
a.Insulin is not only a metabolic hormone,it also plays role in blood clotting.
b.Stress induces insulin release from the pancreas.
c.Stress hormones antagonize insulin.
d.Psychological stress causes hypoglycaemia.
Answer:c
7.A full term infant born to normal and healthy parents was observed to have blue eyes and almost hair.Later he was found to be highly sensitive to damage from bright light.Name the clinical condition
a.Night blindness b.Albinism c.Cystinosis d.Cystinuria
Answer: b
8.The defective enzyme in the above condition is
a.Tyrosine hydroxylase bTyrosine transaminase c.Tyrosinase d.Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Answer: c
Tyrosinase catalyzes the rate limiting first step in melanin production.
9. Which of the following molecules is amphoteric
a.Phospholipids b.Triacylglycerols c,Cholesterol esters d.Alanine
Answer:d
Amino acids behave as acids in an alkaline medium and bases in an acidic medium.So, amino acids are amphoteric.
10.Given below are some hormonal disorders and their causes. Identify the mismatch
a,Myxodema Decreased secretion of thyroid hormones
b.Acromegaly Increased secretion of growth hormones
c.Cushing syndrome Decreased secretion of cortisol
d.Diabetes insipidus Decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormones
Answer: c
In Cushings syndrome steroid excess is there.
11.Given below are hormonal mechanisms for metabolic regulation.Identify the incorrect statement.
a.Glucocorticoids are released in chronic stress.
b.Insulin is a satiety hormone
c.Catecholamines mediate the flight or fight response
d.Parathormone is involved in regulating glucose homeostasis
Answer:d
12.Blood reports of some persons are given below. Identify the report suggestive of diabetes mellitus
a.Fasting plasma glucose 12 mg/dl b.Random plasma glucose 180 mg/dl
c.HbA1c 6.8% d.Prothrombin time 11 seconds
Answer:c. HbA1c normally should be below 5.7%.A level of 6.5 or above is suggestive of diabetes.
13.Which of the following compound(s) is NOT derived from cholesterol?
a.Vitamin D b.Cortisol c.Bile acids d.Riboflavin
Answer: d
Riboflavin is vitamin B2
14.Risk of myocardial infarction is greatly enhanced in the following disorders
a.Familial hyper cholesterolaemia b.Tangier disease c.Classical galactosaemia d.Maple syrup urine disease
Answer:b
Tangiers disease is characterized by significantly reduced levels of HDL in blood.HDL transports cholesterol and certain fats called phospholipids from body tissues to liver,where they are removed from blood.
15.Identify the laboratory report of the patient having obstructive jaundice
a.Urinary excretion of urobilinogen raised,serum alkaline phosphatase decreased
b. Urinary excretion of urobilinogen decreased,serum alkaline phosphatase increased
c. Urinary excretion of urobilinogen raised,serum alanine transaminase decreased
d. Urinary excretion of urobilinogen normal,serum aspartate transaminase decreased.
Answer:b
16.Given below are blood reports of some patients admitted in hospital emergency.Identify the one having maximum risk of myocardial infarction
a.Total cholesterol=150,HDL=25 b. Total cholesterol=155,HDL=30 c. Total cholesterol=160,HDL=35 d. Total cholesterol=165,HDL=40
Answer:a
Decrease in HDL is high risk of coronary artery disease.
17.Given below are some enzymes used for clinical diagnosis. Identify the mismatch
a.Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase Hepatitis,cirrhosis
b.Alkaline phosphatase Bone disease
c. Acid phosphatase Bone tumours
d.Aspartate transaminase Liver diseases
Answer:c
Question is not clear as all answers to some extent are true. Still c seems to be the best answer.
18.The following enzymes are elevated in serum of patient who has suffered a heart attack
a.Glutamate decarboxylase and glutamate dehydrogenase
b.Lactate dehydrogenase creatine kinase
c.Pyruvate dehydrogenase and glutaminase
d.Fructokinase and aldolase
Answer:b
Troponin and creatinine phosphokinase(CPK) levels rise after a heart attack.
19.A 46 year old alcoholic male was admitted in hospital emergency after he suffered from abdominal pain and blurring of vision.Six hours ago he had consumed a large quantity of a liquid thinking it was an alcoholic drink.Evidently he had mistakenly consumed a liquid thinking of it as the real stuff.He was treated with alcohol drip and he showed marked improvement.The patient suffered from
a.Methanol poisoning b.Cyanide poisoning c.Carbon monoxide poisoning d.Pentacholophenol poisoning
Answer:a
Fomepizole or ethanol serves as alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors to stop the conversion of methanol to its toxic metabolite,formate.
20.All the following are exclusive duties of doctor’s in general EXCEPT
a.Displaying of registration number b.Manitaining medical records c.Exposure of unethical medical conduct d.Taking consent from the patient
Answer:c
21.The mutation that causes xerderma pigmentosum affects
a.The primase gene b.Nucleotide excision repair c.Mismatch repair components d.Synthesis of DNA across the damaged region
Answer:b
Here mutation occurs in protein responsible for excision of defective DNA synthesis.XPA to XPG are proteins responsible for this repair.Mutation causes XP disease making person prone to skin cancer.
22.Monoclonal antibodies are synthesized using
a.DNA finger printing b.Immunoelectrophoresis c.Hybridoma technology d.Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Answer:c
In this process antibody producing B lymphocytes are isolated from mice after immunizing the mice with specific antigen.These lymphocytes are then fused with immortal myeloma cell lines to form hybrid cells called hybridoma cell lines.
23.Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from
a.Mother only b.Father only c.Both of them d.Either father or mother
Answer:a
24.Acute intermittent porphyria is
a.Characterized by photodermatitis b.An autosomal dominant trait c.More common in men than women d.Hemolytic anaemia is associated
Answer:b
25.Compared to pH of blood urine normal pH is
A,Acidic b.Alkaline c.Neutral d.The same
Answer:a
pH of urine is 6.8
26.Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia with raised alkaline phosphatase levels are characteristic of:
a.Obstructive jaundice b.Hemolytic jaundice c.Viral hepatitis d.Physiological jaundice
Answer:a
27.In most of the cases hyperkalaemia results on account of
a.Liver failure b.Pancreatic failure c.Renal failure d.Tumors in bone
Answer:c
In DCT sodium is reabsorbed and potassium is excreted.If potassium not excreted due to renal failure hyperkalaemia occurs.
28.Which of the following groups of proteins assist in the folding of other proteins?
a.Proteases b.Proteosomes c.Templates d.Chaperones
Answer:d
29.Marasmus occurs from deficient intake of
a.Essential amino acids b.Essential fatty acids c.Calories d.Zinc
Answer:c
30.One of the following is the major component of extracellular matrix
a.Proteins b.Phospholipids c.Cholesterol d.Disaccharides
Answer:a
31.A 44 year old female with flushing non-healing ulcer ,diarrhea and bronchospasm with increased 5 HIAA levels
a.Glucagonoma b.Carcinoid c.Gastrinoma d.Insulinoma
Answer:b
32.A patient with increased hypoxanthine and xanthine in blood with hypouricemia. Which enzyme is deficient?
a.HGPR Tase b.Xanthine oxidase c.Adenosine deaminase d.APR Tase
Answer:b
33.Specific dynamic action(SDA) is greatest of
a.Protein b.Carbohydrates c.Fat d.Vitamin
Answer:a
Maximum energy is required to break proteins
34.A female child presented with growth retardation,anaemia,lethargy and her urine showed elevated levels of orotic acid.Treatment given should be
A,Uridine b.Thymine c.Cytosine d.Adenosine
Answer: a
35.In a man undergoing surgery, it was necessary to aspirate the contents of the upper gastrointestinal tract. After surgery the following values were observed from an arterial blood sample.pH 7.55Pco252mmHg and HCO340 mmol/LWhat is the underlying disorder?
a.Metabolic acidosis b.Metabolic alkalosis c.Respiratory acidosis d.Respiratory alkalosis
Answer:b
pH normally is 7.35-7.45. pH greater than 7.45, HCO3 greater than 24 mEq/l,PaCO2 greater than 45 indicate metabolic alkalosis
36.Clinical features of hyperthyroidism include
a.Goiter,heat intolerance,weight loss and tachycardia
b.Goiter,tremor,tachycardia and cold intolerance
c.Exophthalmos,goiter,tachycardia and loss of appetite
d.Exophthalmos,goiter,tremors and obesity.
Answer:a
37.The repeat sequence of nucleotides in telomers
a.TTGGGA b.TTAGGG c.GGGATT d.TTGAGG
Answer:b
Telomeres consist of six base repeating sequence TTAGGG
38.Which substance is not normally present in urine?
a.Creatinine b.Glucose c.Uric acid d.Urobilinogen
Answer:b
39.Standard urea clearance is calculated when output is
a.Less than 2ml/min b. More than 2ml/min c.2-4 ml/min d.More than 4 ml/min
Answer:a
40. An oncogene is
a.Usually a cell cycle inhibitor b.A mutated version of a normal viral gene c.Activated by cancer d.Active in normal human cells.
Answer:b
Biochemistry – A & B(2023/06 Supplementary)
41. A 45 year old man was admitted to hospital suffering from general fatigue, headache and stiff shoulder. He was diagnosed as hypertensive after his blood pressure was found to be 170/96 mm/Hg. Inhibitor of the following enzyme will help control the elevated blood pressure.
a. Renin
b. Beta-hydroxbutyrate dehydrogenase
c. Lipase
b. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)
Answer:d
42. A 45 year old farmer was spraying an insecticide in fields. Suddenly he developed eye pain, headache and tightness in chest. He was taken to hospital where diagnosis of fluorophosphates (FP) poisoning was made. Biochemical basis of toxicity of FP is:
a. Irreversible inhibitor of an enzyme
b. Competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase
c. Non-competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase
d. Interference in electron transport chain
Answer:c
43. A 15 year old boy, who is having type-1 diabetes was brought to hospital in an unconscious state. He was on insulin therapy. A characteristic offensive smell was noticed in his breath. Blood glucose was elevated (428 mg/dl)
What is your most probable diagnosis
a. Respiratory acidosis
b. Lactic acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
d. Diabetic ketoacidosis.
Answer:d
44. The offensive smell in breath is due to
a. Acetone
b. Acetoacetate
C. Beta-hydroxy butyrate
d.Lactate
Answer:a
45.A 26 year old man experienced severe pain in his right side and back. Subsequent investigations indicated a kidney stone. Increased urinary excretion of cystine, arginine and lysine in the urine was reported.
What is your most probable diagnosis
a. Cystinosis
b. Cystinuria
c. Homocysteinaemia
d. Phenylketonuria
Answer:b
46. Cause of the above disorder is
a. Transport defect
b. Enzymatic defect
c. Hormonal defect
d. Immuno-compromised state
Answer:b
47. True statement related to the above amino acid is
a. Cystine is an essential amino acid
b. Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid
c. Lysine is a non-essential amino acid
d. All three amino acids are glucogenic
Answer:d
48.A 14 year old boy with type 1 diabetes lost consciousness on racing track, while he was playing with his friends. He had received his normal insulin injection in the morning but continued playing forgetting his breakfast and lunch. He was given glucagon injection from the emergency kit his mother carried and recovered within minutes
The boy lost consciousness due to
a. Hyperglycaemia
b. Ketone bodies
c. Hyperlipidaemia
d. Hypoglycaemia
Answer:d
49. The tissue/organ which is most severely affected in the above condition is
a. Skeletal system
b. Haemopoietic system
c. Nervous system.
d. Vascular system
Answer:c
50. The following compound forms a link between Kreb cycle and Urea cycle
a. Fumarate
b. Succinate
c. Oxaloacetate
d. Malate
Answer:b
51. Rate and direction of glucose and glycogen metabolism in liver is controlled by
a. Estradiol
b. Glucagon
C. Aldosterone
d. Estrone
Answer:b
52. Near complete absence of the high density lipoproteins leads to the following disease:
a. Tangier disease
b. Fabry disease
c. Familial hypercholesterolaemi
d. Familial combined hyerlipidaemia
Answer:a
53. The term abetalipoproteinaemia refers to near complete absence of all of the following EXCEPT.
a. LDL
b. VLDL
c. Chylomicrons
d. HDL
Answer:d
54. GluTs promote entry of glucose into cells along a concentration gradient. This is an example of
a. Simple diffusion
b. Faciliated diffusion
c. Primary active transport
d. Secondary active transport
Answer:b
55. Hypoglycaemia compromises brain functions and is fatal when severe (blood glucose below 2.5 mmol/Liter). Severe hypoglycaemia may occur in:
a. Insulinoma
b. Fasting
c. Cigarette smoking
d. Cushing syndrome
Answer:a
56. When a person gets up in the morning 12 hours after dinner, the main source of his blood glucose is
a. Liver glycogenolysis
b. Gluconeogenesis
c. Muscle glycogen
d. Dietary glucose
Answer:a
57. Brain is an avid eater of glucose. During prolonged fasting its energy needs are covered from
a. Oxidation of muscle glycogen
b. Hepatic glycogenolysis
c. Anaerobic glycolysis
d. Oxidation of ketone bodies
Answer:a
58. All of the following are essential amino acids EXCEPT
a. Lysine
b. Leucine
c. Glycine
d. Phenylalanine
Answer:c
59. Competitive inhibitors bind with active site of an enzyme and cause
a. Increase in Vmax
b. Increase in Km.
c. Decrease in Km
d. Decrease in Vmax
Answer:b
60. All of the following are correct statements related to doctor patient communication EXCEPT:
a. One of the goals of effective doctor patient communication is facilitating exchange of information
b. Lesser doctor patient ratio is one of the reasons for bad doctor patient communication
c. Use of medical jargons is allowed while breaking bad news to the patient or patient’s family
d. Building rapport is one of the tools to improve doctor patient communication.
Answer:c
61. A 3 year old boy has a tendency to bite himself often to point of bleeding. The boy’s fingers show scarring and several scabs. His lips are swollen and bruised. He also has poor coordination, weak muscle tone and significantly delayed speech. The urine is orange in colour. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
a. Tay-Sachs disease
b. Phenylketonuria
c. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.
d Cerebral palsy
Answer:b
62. A 10 year old body develops severe diarrhea while traveling to India. The laboratory investigation revealed the following results:
Arterial blood pH = 7.25
Partial Pressure of carbon dioxide = 26 mmHg
Bicarbonate = 11 mEq/L with normal anion gap
What is the most probable diagnosis?
a. Metabolic acidosis
b. Metabolic alkalosis
c. Respiratory acidosis
d. Respiratory alkalosis
Answer:a
(Pa CO2>40 with a ph<7.4 indicates respiratory acidosis while Pa CO2<40 and Ph>7.4 indicates respiratory alkalosis)
Metabolic acidosis Pa CO2<40; distinguishing lab value is decreased bicarbonate(normal range is 21-28 mEq/L.The normal anion gap is 12
Metabolic alkalosis Ph>7.45;serum bicarbonate is elevated to >26 mole equilibrium/litre.Partial pressure of CO2 reduces to combat elevated bicarbonate)
63. A 10 year old boy complained of abdominal pain and was admitted in a hospital. He was weak and tried and had a history of seizures. The examination revealed an enlarged liver, Kayser- Fleishner ring in the cornea and low serum ceruloplasmin level. What is the most probable diagnosis?
a. Wilson’s disease.
b. Keshan’s disease
c. Tetany
d. Hartnup’s disease
Answer:a
64. Lead poisoning lead to increase in the accumulation and urinary excretion of coproporphyrin III and ALA in the urine. Which of the following enzymes are infibited by lead metal?
a. ALA synthase and protoporphyrin oxidase
b. ALA synthase and coproporphyrin oxidase
c. ALA dehydratase and protoporphyrin oxidase
d. ALA dehydratase and ferrochelatase
Answer:c
65. Which of incorrect in xeroderma pigmentosum
a. It is an autosomal recessive conditions
b. Defect is in the repair mechanism of DNA
c. Sensitivity to UV light is the major manifestation
d. Cells are unable to synthesize vitamin-D even in the presence of sunlight
Answer:d
66. The enzyme used in the complementary DNA synthesis is
a. Restriction endonuclease
b. Taq DNA polymerase
C. Reverse trascriptase
d. Ligase
Answer:b
67. Lac operon is active when
a. Only glucose is available in medium
b. Only lactose is available
c. CAMP is low
d. Both lactose and glucose are available
Answer:a
68. A 3 year old girl was brought to the pediatric OPD with complaints of mild generalized swelling all over the body, loss of appetite, low grade fever and distended abdomen. She belonged to low socioeconomic group. Weight and height were lower as compared for her age group. What is the most probable diagnosis?
a. Kwashiorkar
b. Marasmus
c. Irritable bowel syndrome
d. Ulcerative colitis
Answer:a
69. Vitamin K activates the following clotting factor except:
a. Prothrombin
b. Factor VII
c. Factor V
d. Factor IX.
Answer:a
70. Marfan’s syndrome is caused by the following defective protein:
a. Fibrinogen
b. Fibronectin
c. Fibrillin
d. Collagen
Answer:c
71. An increase in serum unconjugated bilirubin occurs in
a. Hemolytic jaundice
b. Obstructive jaundice
c. Defects in intestinal absorption
d. Glomerulonephritis
Answer:a
72. The urine of the patient with obstructive jaundice will give a positive test for:
a. Fouchet’s test
b. Benzidine test
c. Sodium nitroprusside test
d. Precipitation test
Answer:d
73. What is a nucleosome?
a. Synonym of nucleolus
b. DNA-RNA complex present in nucleus
C. mRNA attached with snRNA
d. DNA wrapped around histones
Answer:a
74. In primary hypothyroidism, the lab findings are
a. Decreased TSH
b. Increased TSH.
C. Increased T3
d. Increased T4
Answer:b
75. A technician notices that an undiscarded urine has become black on long standing. This may be due to the presence of which substance in the urine?
a. Homogentisic acid
b. Phenylalanine
c. Homocystine
d. Tyrosine
Answer: a
76. A CSF glucose of 15mg/dL, WBC count of 5000, 90% noutrophilis and protein of 81 mg/dl suggests
a. Fungal meningitis
b. Viral meningitis
C. Tubercular meningitis
d. Bacterial meningitis
Answer:a
77.A 70 year old male was brought to the emergency with great difficulty in passing urine. There had been significant loss in weight in last months. Investigations were sent for the probable diagnosis of carcinoma prostate. Which of the following marker will support the diagnosis?
a. Alkaline phosphatase
b. Tissue specific antigen
c. Prostate specific antigen.
d. CA125
Answer:c
78. The following is NOT a proto oncogene:
a. c-myc
b. Tyrosine kinase gene
c. p53.
d. cycline
Answer:c
79. A 50 year old man developed an excruciating pain in the first toe with swelling and redness. On investigation, serum uric acid was 12 mg/dl. Synovial fluid examination revealed needle shaped birefringent crystals. What is the most probable diagnosis?
a. Gout
b. Scurvy
c. Osteomalacia
d. Phenylketonuria
Answer:a
80. The inhibitor of iron absorption is
a. Phytate.
b. Lysine
C. Vitamin C
d. Gastric HCL
Answer:a
81. Which one of the following reactions is unique to Gluconeogenesis?
a. Lactate Pyruvate
b. Phosphoenolpyruvate → Pyruvate
c. Oxaloacetate Phosphoenolpyruvate
d.Glucose 6-Phosphate Fructose 6-Phosphate
Answer:c
82. The Lipoprotein with the fastest electrophoretic mobility and the lowest TG content is:
a. VLDL
b. IDL
c. LDL
D. HDL
Answer:d
83. A competitive inhibitor of an enzyme :
A. Increases Km but does not affect Vmax
B. Decrease Km but does not affect Vmax
C. Increase Vmax but does not affect Km
D. Decreases both Km and Vmax
Answer:a
84. PGE2 has which of the following action on kidney when infused intravenously
A. Increases re-absorption of water vane
B. Increases excretion of sodium
C. Decreases the Rennin secretion from JG Cells
D. Decreases the GFR
Answer: a
85. Erythrocyte glucose transporter is an example of?
A. Facilitated diffusion
b. Ion driven active transport
c. Active transport
d. Simple diffusion
Answer:a
86. The mechanism of action of Oligomycin, an inhibitor of ETC, is:
a. Blocking Electron Transport
b.Inhibition of ATP Synthase
C. Inhibition of ADP-ATP Translocation
d. Uncoupling of Electron transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
Answer: b
87. An enzyme in Human Saliva is able to hydrolyse the 0,-1,4 glucosidic bonds in the molecule of starch. Which is this enzyme?
a. α-amylase
b. B-amylase
c. B-galactosidase
d. Diastase
Answer: a
88. Methotrexate is a pharmacological inhibitor of which of the following enzyme:
a. Xanthine Oxidase
b. Dihydrofolate Reductase
c. Thymidylate Synthase
d. Ribonucleotide Reductase
Answer:b
89. The breakdown of one molecule of C16 saturated fatty acid by B-oxidation leads to the formation of-
a. 8 FADH2, 8 NADH and 8 Acetyl-CoA molecules.
b. 7 FADH2, 7 NADH and 7 Acetyl-CoA molecules
c. 8 FADH2, 8 NADH and 7 Acetyl-CoA molecules
d. 7 FADH2, 7 NADH and 8 Acetyl-CoA molecules.
Answer: d
90. The process of reconversion of lactate formed in muscles and RBC’s, back into Glucose inside the Liver is called:
a. Cahill Cycle
b. Cori’s Cycle
c. Pyruvate-Alanine Cycle
d. Dicken’s Horecker Cycle
Answer:b
91. A 32 year old body builder goes on a diet consisting of only egg whites to ensure only proteins for muscle growth. Which vitamin deficiency is he most likely to suffer from-
a. Niacin
b. Biotin
c. Pyridoxine
d. Thiamine
Answer:a
92. The marker enzyme for Lysosomes is-
a. Lactate Dehydrogenase
b. ATP synthase
c. Galactosyl Transferase
d. cathepsin
Answer:?? The marker enzyme for lysosomes is Acid Phosphatase.
93. A 42-year-old obese female presented to the emergency, complaints of worsening nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain-located in the mid epigastric area and right upper quadrant. Blood biochemistry revealed high amylase level. What is the probable diagnosis in this case-?
a. Viral Hepatitis
b. Renal Colic
c. Acute Pancreatitis
d. Acute Gastritis
Answer:c
94. A young student develops a hemolytic condition soon after taking Primaquin prophylaxis against malaria. The most likely cause of hemolysis is a less than normal level of-
a. Reduced form of glutathione
b. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
c. Oxidised from of NAD
d. Ribose-5-phosphate
Answer:b
95. Which of the following condition decreases the oxidation of Acetyl CoA by the citric acid cycle-
a. A low ATP/ADP Ratio
b. A low NAD+/ NADH ratio
c. A high concentration of AMP
d. A low NADH concentration due to rapid oxidation to NAD+ through the respiratory chain
Answer:b
96. Deficiency of which of the following enzymes would impair the body’s ability to maintain blood glucose concentration during first 24 hours of a prolonged fact-
a. Phosphorylase
b. Debranching enzyme
c. Glycogen Synthase
d. PEP Carboxykinase
Answer:a
97. Which of the following is the most common type of hyperlipidaemia in diabetes mellitus?
a. Elevated Triglyceride with normal cholesterol
b. Normal Triglyceride with elevated cholesterol
c. Decreased Triglyceride with elevated cholesterol
d. Elevated Triglyceride and cholesterol
Answer: d
98. Which is the cofactor required for treatment of Methylmalonic acidemia?
a. Thiamine
b. Riboflavin
c. Vit B12
d. Biotin
Answer:c
99. Ferric Chloride test in urine is positive in which of the following condition-
a. Homocystinuria
b. Alkaptonuria
c. Tyrosinosis
d. Phenylketonuria
Answer:d
100. Microalbuminuria is defined as urinary albumin levels of-
a. 30-300 mg/24 hr
b. 100-150 mg/24 hr
c. 151-200 mg/24 hr
d. 301-600 mg/24 hr
Answer: a
101. Which of the following enzyme is deficient in maple syrup urine disease?
a. Branched chain amino acid aminotransferase
b. Branched chain amino acid dehydrogenase
c. Branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase
d. Branched chain keto acid oxidase
Answer: c
102. Which of the following phospholipid is associated with apoptosis?
a. Phosphophatidylcholine
b. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
c. Phosphatidylserine
d. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
Answer: c
103. Carnitine helps in
a. Transport of fatty acids from mitochondria to cytosol
b. Transport of fatty acids from cytosol to mitochondria
c. Transport of pyruvate in to mitochondria
d. Transport of Malate in Malate shuttle
Answer: b
104. The rate of ketone body production is mainly determined by the relative rate of which of the following key metabolic pathways?
a. Proteolysis
b. Glycogenolysis in muscle
c. Glycolysis
d. Lipolysis,
Answer: d
105. Which of the following is the allosteric activator of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase?
a. Malonyl-CoA
b. Acetyl-Co-A
c. Citrate
d. Biotin
Answer: c
106. Which of the following is the common precursor in the synthesis of all steroid hormones?
a. Pregnenolone
b. 17-OH pregnenolone
c. Isocaproaldehyde
d. Androstenedione
Answer: a
107. Lipoprotien with least electrophoretic mobility is
a. Chylomicrons
b. VLDL
c. LDL
d. LHDL
Answer: a
108. Which ofthe following fatty acid present in fish oil is known for its cardio protective action?
a. Arachidonic acid
b. Eicosapentaenoic acid
c. Linoleic acid
d. Palmitic acid
Answer:b
109. Inhibition of which of the following enzyme is responsible for the anticancer action of 5- fluorouracil?
a. Dihydrofolate reductase
b. Thymidylate kinase
c. Thymidylate reductase
d. Thymidylate synthase
Answer: d
110. Which of the following glucose transporters are located in the brain?
a. GLUT1 and GLUT 2
b. GLUT1 and GLUT 3
c. GLUT 2 and GLUT 3
d. GLUT 2 and GLUT4
Answer: b
111. Which one of the following bonds links two nucleotides in a nucleic acid?
a. 3’3′ phosphodiester bond
b. 3′->5′ phosphodiester bond
C. 5′ 5′ phosphodiester bond
d. 5′->5′ phosphotriester bond
Answer: b
112. DNA glycosylase is involved in:
a. Mismatch repair
b. Base excision repair
c. Nucleotide excision repair
d. direct repair
Answer:b
113. The technique for accurate quantification of gene expression is:
a. Northern Blot
b. PCR
c. Real Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR
d. Reverse Transcriptase PCR
Answer: a
14. Poly A tail is translated into:
a. Polylysine
b. Polyglutamate
c. Polyproline
d. NONE
Answer: d
115. The initiator AUG in Prokaryotes codes for
a. Methionine
b. N-Formyl methionine
c. Phenyl alanine
d. Tyrosine
Answer: a
116. Which one of the following is an example of post translational modification?
a. Cycloheximide
b. Puromycin
c. Paromomycin
d. Erythromycin
Answer: c
117. Which of the following gene is constitutively expressed in E.coli?
a. Lac A
b. Lac I
c. Lac Y
d. Lac Z
Answer: b
118. All of the following vitamins are antioxidants, EXCEPT:
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin C
c. Vitamin d
d. Vitamin e
Answer:d
119. To diagnose which of the following deficiency schilling test is used?
a. Vitamin B12
b. Folate
c. Iron
d. Vitamin C
Answer:a
120. All the following proteins are involved in the
a. Metabolism of iron, EXCEPT
b. Ceruloplasmin
c. Ferritin
d. Hepcidin
Answer:b
121.Which of the following statements about glycosaminoglycans is true
a.They have repeating units of four sugar groups
b.They contain derivatives of either glucosamine or galactosamine
c.They contain positively charged substituent groups
d.They constitute 5% of the weight of proteoglycans
Answer:b
122.A newborn baby is brought to pediatrics OPD with a history of constant crying,abdominal distension and diarrhea.Urine analysis reveals the presence of reducing sugars.What is the possible defect?
a.Lactose intolerance b.Fructose intolerance c.Essential fructosuria d.Von Gierke’s disease
Answer:b
123.A 23 year old post-natal woman wanted to lose weight for which she completely stopped consuming fats and oils.After a few months she developed skin lesions on posterior and lateral aspects of limbs and buttocksWhat deficiency can be cause of this?
a.Essential amino acids b.Essential fatty acids c.Non –essential fatty acids d.Phospholipids
Answer:b
124.Hyperlipoproteinemia type 1 is due to deficiency of
a.Alpha lipoprotein b.Choline c.lipoprotein lipase d.Carnitine
Answer:c
125.In alpha-helix structure of protein the bonding is between the
a.Adjacent amino acids
b.Carbonyl oxygen second peptide bond to the NH group of the 3rd AA away
- Carbonyl oxygen one peptide bond to the NH group of the 4th AA away
- Carbonyl oxygen one peptide bond to the NH group of the 35th AA away
Answer:c
126.Which of the following enzymes is inhibited by aspirin
a.Porstacyclin synthase b.Thromboxane synthase c.Cyclooxygenase d.Lipoxygenase
Answer:c
127.Thermogenin acts as an uncoupler by
a.Inhibiting cytochrome reductase b.Blocking ATP-ADP translocase c.Blocking electron transport d.Dissipating the proton gradient
Answer:d
128.Which of these enzymes contain a Zn ion?
a.Carboxypeptidase A b.Phosphorylase B Kinase c.Tyrosine hydroxylase d.Phosphodiesterase
Answer:a
129.Increased formation of ketone bodies during fasting occurs due to
a.Increased levels of free fatty acids in the blood
b.Decreased formation of Acetyl CoA in the liver
c.Decreased activity of hormone sensitive lipase in the adipose tissue
d.Inhibtion of oxidation of fatty acids in liver.
Answer:a
130.Creatinine is synthesized from
a.Arginine +Glycine +Serine b.Arginine +Glycine+Methionine
c.Glycine+Valine+Methionine d.Arginine+Serine+Cysteine
Answer:b
131.The starve-feed switch refers to
a.Glucose-Lactate ratio b.ATP:ADP ratio c.NAD+:NADH ratio d.Insulin:Glucagon ratio
Answer:d
132.The enzyme of urea cycle located in mitochondria
a.Arginase b.Ornithine transcarbamoylase c.Argininosuccinase d.Argininosuccinate synthetase
Answer:b
133.All are features of allosteric enzymes except
a.Usually oligomeric proteins b.Involved in regulation of reactions c.Do not affect Km and Vmax of enzymes d.Show cooperative binding
Answer:c
134.Which of the following hormone can act as uncoupler
a.Thyroxine b.Insulin c.Cortisol d.Epinephrine
Answer:a
135.Hyaluronic acid is present in
a.Synovial fluid b.Cartilage c.Cornea d.Skin
Answer:c
136.The phospholipase responsible for release of archidonic acid from membrane phospholipid is
a.Phospholipase A b.Phospholipase A2 c.Phospholipase B d.Phospholipase C
Answer:b
137.GLUT-4 is present in all except
a.Kidney b.Muscle c.Adipose tissue d.Heart
Answer:a
138.Which of the following enzymes is the earliest to be elevated in a patient of myocardial infarction
a.LDH b.AST c.CK-MB d.Troponin
Answer:c
139.The drug fluorouracil used for treatment of cancers acts by which type of enzyme inhibition
a.Competitive b.Non-competitive c.Suicidal d.Allosteric
Answer:a
140.Estimation of GGT is useful to detect which of the following clinical condition
a.Kidney failure b.Alcohol abuse c.Infective hepatitis d.Rickets
Answer:c
141.A 42 year old woman complained of abdominal pain and flatulence after consumption of dairy products.The most probable diagnosis could be
a.Lactose intolerance b.Von Gierke’s disease c.Refsum disease d.Fructose intolerance
Answer:a
142.Puromycin is an analogue of
a.Alanyl tRNAÂ bTyrosinyl tRNAÂ c.Methinionyl tRNAÂ d.Glycyl tRNA
Answer:b
143.The antibody found in secretions is
a.IgA bIgG c.IgM d.IgD
Answer:a
144.DNA replication occurs during which phase of the cell cycle
a.G1 b.G2 c.M d.S
Answer:d
145.The presence of ketone bodies in urine is assessed by
a.Benedict’s test b.Erhlich test c.Rothera’s test d.Fouchet’s test
Answer:c
146.Which of the following is required for the activity of ribonucleotide reductase?
a.Thioredoxin b.Tetrahydrobiopterin c.Methenyl THFA d.Adenosylcobalamin
Answer:a
147.All the following are true regarding euchromatin except
a.It is transcriptionally active b.It stains lightly c.It is loosely packed d.It has tightly bound histones
Answer:d
148.A case of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia is
a.Dubin Johnson Syndrome b.Physiological jaundice c.Gilbert’s Syndrome d.Criggler Najjar Syndrome
Answer:a
149.Fecal stercobilinogen is absent in
a.Normal phenomenon b.Prehepatic jaundice c.Hepatic jaundice d.Obstructive jaundice
Answer:d
150.All the following are true about prehepatic jaundice except
a.Increased indirect bilirubin b.Increased urine urobilinogen c.Urine bilirubin positive d.Increased fecal stercobilinogen
Answer:c
151.Nucleotide derivative used in treatment of gout is
a.Iodouracil b.Allopurinol c.Azathioprine d.Cytarabine
Answer:b
152.Dihydrofolate reductase is inhibited by
a.Allopurinol b.Erythromycin c.Tetracycline d.Methotrexate
Answer:d
153.Poly A tail is present in
a.mRNAÂ b.tRNAÂ c. rRNAÂ d. snRNA
Answer:a
154.Okazaki fragments are produced during
a.Translation b.Transcription c.DNA replication d.Splicing
Answer:c
155.All the following are the features of genetic code EXCEPT
a.Ambiguous b.Degenerate c.Universal d.Non overlapping
Answer:a
156.The only tissue in the body that can oxidize iodine is
a.Stomach b.Salivary gland c.Kidney d.Thyroid
Answer:d
157.Bilirubin is conjugated by
a.Acetylation b.Methylation c.Methylation d.Sulfation
Answer:d
158.Increased bone density is seen in
a.Osteoporosis b.Osteopetrosis c.Osteomalacia d.Rickets
Answer:b
159.The extent to which a food item raises the blood concentration of glucose compared with an equivalent amount of glucose or a reference food is known as
a.Specific dynamic action b.Respiratory quotient c.Calorific value d.Glycemic index
Answer:d
160.All the following are true regarding mitochondrial index except
a.Paternally inherited b.Circle,double stranded c.High mutation rate d.Genetic code differs slightly from the standard code
Answer:a
161. A 15 year old boy has been diagnosed with acute viral hepatitis. What blood values should be determined to confirm acute infection of hepatic cells?
a. Aminotransferase activity (AST) b. Unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin content c.Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) d. Protein fraction content
Answer:a
162. A 46 year old female patient has continuous history of progressive muscular Duchenne’s dystrophy. Which blood enzyme changes will be diagnostic value in this case ?
a.Lactate dehydrogenase b.Pyruvate dehydrogenase c. Creatine phosphokinase d. Glutamate dehydrogenase
Answer:c
163.A 42 year old man with Gout presents with high content of uric acid in blood .The patient was prescribed allopurinol to lower the concentration of uric acid. Allopurinol is a competitive inhibitor of the following enzyme
a. Xanthine oxidase b. Adenosine deaminase c.Adenine phosphoribosyl transferase d.Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase
Answer:a
164.A two year old boy has damaged energy exchange due to inhibition of oxidation processes and ATP synthesis .There is the decrease of citric acid cycle metabolites content in its blood too. It was proposed to think about probable inhibtion of succinate dehydrogenase in boys tissues as the reason for a state. Name the inhibitor of this enzyme
a.Malonate b.Aspartate c.Malate d.Citrate
Answer:c
165. High resistance of winter swimmers (so called walruses) to low temperatures is explained by increased production of one of the following hormones
a.Glucagon b.Thyroid hormones c.Adrenaline d.Insulin
Answer:c
166. 12 hours after the myocardial infarction a patient was found to have elevated level of lactate dehydrogenase in blood. What isoenzyme should be expected in this case
a. LDH1 b. LDH2 c. LDH 3 d.LDH 4
Answer:a
167.Disulferam is widely used in medical practise to prevent alcoholism. It inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase. increase level of what metabolite causes aversion to alcohol.
a. Ethanol b.Methanol c.Malonyl aldehyde d.Acetaldehyde
Answer:d
168.A three year old child with fever was given aspirin. It resulted in intensified erythrocyte hemolysis. Hemolytic anaemia might have been caused by congenital insufficiency of the following enzyme
a. Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase b.Glucose 6 phosphatase c.Glycogen phosphorylase d.Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase
Answer:a
169. Chronic over dosage of glucocorticoids leadsto the development of hyperglycemia. What process of carbohydrate metabolism is responsible for this effect
a.Aerobic glycolysis b. Glycogenolysis c.Gluconeogenesis d.Glycogenesis
Answer:c
170.Atwo year old child presents with acute psychomotor retardation ,vision and hearing impairment sharp enlargement of liver and spleen. The child is diagnosed with hereditary Niemann-Pick disease. What genetic deficiency is the cause of this disease
a.Sphingomyelinase b.Ceramidase c.Beta glucosidase d.Hexosaminidase
Answer:a
171.Carnitine is recommended to a sportsman as a preparation that increases physical activity and improves achievements. What biochemical process is mostly activated under the action of carnitine ?
a.Transport of citrate into cytoplasm b.Transport of ketone bodies into mitochondria c. Transport of fatty acids into mitochondria d. Transport of cholesterol into mitochondria
Answer:c
172. A 67 year old man suffers from brain vessel atherosclerosis .After investigation hyperlipidemia was detected. What class of lipoproteins in blood plasma will be increased in most of all biochemical investigation?
a. Chrylomicons b.HDL c.LDL d.VLDL
Answer:c
173. An 84 year old patient suffers from Parkinsonism. One of the pathogenic development elements of this disease is deficiency of a certain mediator in some of the brain structures. Name this mediator:
a. Adrenaline b. Noradrenaline c.Histamine d.Dopamine
Answer:d
174. A patient is diagnosed with Alkaptonuria. Choose an enzyme that can causeway this pathology when deficient
a.Homogentisic acid oxidase b.Phenylalanine hydroxylase c.Glutamate dehydrogenase d. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Answer:a
175.To lose some weight a woman has been limiting the amount of products in her diet. Three months later she developed edemas. What dietary component deficiency is the cause of this
a.Carbohydrates b.Proteins c.Fat d.Vitamins
Answer:b
176.A child with tall stature, loose joints and detached retinas is found to have a mutation in collagen. Which of the following amino acids is the recurring amino acid most likely to be altered in mutations that distort collagen?
a. Tryptophan b.Arginine c. Glycine d. Tyrosine
Answer:c
177. Symptoms of hypoglycaemia appear when blood glucose level is
a.<70 mg /dl b. <90 mg /dl c.<100 mg /dl d.<126 mg /dl
Answer:a
178.A non diabetic man consumes a carbohydrate rich meal. His fasting glucose rises to 20 mmol/ litre. What enzyme characteristics enable to maintain postprandial glucose level despite ingesting a high carbohydrate load ?
a.The High V max of glucokinase b.The low half life of glucokinase c.The high Km of glucokinase d.The low Km of glucocinase
Answer:c
179. A patient consulted a doctor about sunburns, decreased visual acuity. His hair ,skin and eyes are not pigmented. The patient may have the following enzyme deficiency
a. Tyrosinase b.Arginase c.Carbonic anhydrase d.Histidine decarboxylase
Answer:a
180.The Michaelis- Menten equation describes how reaction velocity varies with substrate concentration. Michaelis- Menten constant corresponds to
a.Substrate concentration at which reaction rate is half maximal b.Optimal pH for activity of enzyme c.Enzyme concentration which provides half maximal velocity of reaction d.Concentration of substrate at which rate of reaction reaches maximal value
Answer:a
181. What is the function of promoter region in DNA?
a.It codes for a specific protein b.It signals the end of a gene c. It regulates the initiation of transcription d.It prevents DNA from unwinding
Answer:c
182.A 30 year old female presents with muscle weakness, weight gain and easy bruising. Laboratory tests show elevated serum cortisol levels with loss of diurnal variation. What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
a. Cushing’s syndrome b. Addisons disease c.Hyperthyroidism d.Diabetes mellitus
Answer:a
183.Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing a complimentary RNA strand during transcription? a.DNA polymerase b.RNA polymerase c.Helicase d.Ligase
Answer:b
184.A55 year old male smoker presents with severe chest pain radiating to his left arm and diaphoresis .Cardiac enzymes are elevated indicating myocardial infarction. Which of the following biochemical markers is most specific for myocardial injury
a. Troponin 1 b.Creatinine kinase c. Myoglobin d.C reactive protein
Answer:a
185. A patient presents with jaundice,pale tools and dark urine. Laboratory tests reveal elevated serum bilirubin levels and alkaline phosphatise. Which of the following conditions is most likely?
a. Viral hepatitis b.Pancreatitis c.Gallstones d. Wilson’s disease
Answer:a
186. Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood?
a. Insulin b.Parathyroid hormone c.Aldosterone d.Thyroid hormone
Answer:b
187.A 50 year old male patient with renal failure presents with nausea and lethargy. Laboratory tests show Ph -7.3, PaCO2 40 mm Hg and HCO3 dash 18mEq/ litre. What is the most likely acid base disturbance?
a. Respiratory acidosis b.Respiratory alkalosis c.Metabolic acidosis d.Metabolic alkalosis
Answer:a
188. A 40 year old female presents with episodes of severe abdominal pain, photosensitivity and blistering skin lesions on sun exposed areas. Laboratory show elevated plasma and urinary porphyrins. Which of the following is most likely diagnosis?
a. Sickle cell anaemia b.Acute intermittent porphyria c. Variegate porphyria d. Dubin Johnson syndrome
Answer:c
189.Hypocalcemia can lead to which of the following clinical manifestations?
a. Tetany b.Hypertension c.Hyperpigmentation d.Jaundice
Answer:a
190. Which of the following is a key regulatory enzyme in the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides? a.Adinosine deaminase b. Xanthine oxidase c.Hypoxanthine- guanine phosphoribosyl transferase(HGPRT) d. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate(PRPP) synthetase
Answer:d
191. Which macronutrient provides the most energy per gram in the diet?
a. Protein b.Carbohydrate c.Fat d.Fiber
Answer:b
192.Which mineral deficiency is associated with muscle cramps and irregular heartbeat?
a. Sodium b.Potassium c.Magnesium d.Chloride
Answer:b
193. Which of the following anomalies is commonly observed in children with Marasmus?
a. Hyper albuminemia b. Hypoglycaemia c. Hyperkalemia d.Hypercholesterolemia
Answer:b
194. Ehler Danlos syndrome is a group of connective tissue disorders characterised by hypermobility of joints, skin hyperextensibility and tissue fragility. These symptoms are primarily due to defects in the synthesis or structure of which ECM component :
a.Collagen b.Elastin c.Fibronectin d.Laminin
Answer:a
195.Which tumor marker is used for diagnosing and monitoring Hepatocellular carcinoma( liver cancer)? a.CA 19 – 9 b. Carcinoma embryonic antigen c. Alpha- fetoprotein d Prostate specific antigen
Answer:c
196. Which of the following cells is responsible for antigen presentation to T cells in the context of MHC class IImolecules?
a. Neutrophil b.Macrophage c.Natural killer cell d.Eosinophil
Answer:c
197. A patient presents with symptoms suggestive of acute pancreatitis. Which enzyme is most likely to be elevated in the blood ?
a.Aspartate aminotransferase b. Gamma- glutamyl transferase c. Salivary amylase d.Lipase
Answer:d
198.Which of the following conditions is associated with increased production of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla ?
a.Addison’s disease b.Cushing syndrome c.Pheochromocytoma d. Congenital adenal hyperplasia
Answer:c
199.Which enzyme protects DNA from aging?
a. DNA polymerase b.Topoisomerase c.Deoxyribonuclease d. Telomerase
Answer:d
200.Clearance values of the following compounds are used to test renal function except:
a. Creatinine b. Inslin c.Glucose d.Urea
Answer:c
An obese man of 58 years complains of chest pain radiating to his left arm for half an hour. ECG was done and it showed typical features of myocardial infarction(MI). He was immediately given streptokinase injection and shifted to cardiology unit.
201.The following parameters will be elevated in his blood except
a.Aspartate transaminase b. Lactate dehydrogenase c.Creatine kinase d.Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Answer:d
202.Lifestyle modification suggested for this patient are all except
a.Saturated fats in diet b.Fibre rich diet c.Exercise d.Body weight reduction
Answer:a
A 14 year old girl who was on insulin therapy was brought to hospital emergency in unconscious state. Blood glucose was grossly elevated (360mg /dl) ,HbA1c was 7.3% and urine examination showed a positive Benedict test and Rotheras test.
203. What is your most probable diagnosis?
a. Hypoglycaemia b. Diabetic ketoacidosis c.Metabolic alkalosis d.Lactic acidosis
Answer:b
204.Management of this patient in hospital emergency should address the following issues except
a. Lack of insulin b.Dehydration c.Potassium depletion d.Metabolic alkalosis
Answer:d
A six month old child was examined for failure to thrive and delayed milestones. On examination he was found to have enlarged spleen and liver. Examination of cultured leukocytes showed abnormally high levels of gangliosides
205. The child has
a. ABO incompatibility b. Gallstones c.Lipid storage diseased. Maple syrup urine disease
Answer:c
206.Gallstones can easily form when bile contains increased amount of
a. Cholesterol b.Gangliosides c.Calcium d.Sodium
Answer:a
A young boy of 20 years suffered an episode of loss of speech and severe weakness on his right side .A diagnosis of ischaemic stroke was made and treatment with anti coagulants was started. Lab results indicated increased levels of homocysteine in blood
207.The biochemical defect in this patient is impaired metabolism of
a.Methionine b.Tryptophan c.Leucine d. Histidine
Answer:a
208.Of the above amino acids which one is not essential
a.Methionine b.Tryptophan c. Leucine d.Histidine
Answer:d
209.Which one of these amino acids is purely ketogenic
a.Methionine b.Tryptophan c.Leucine d.Histidine
Answer:c
210.In addition of the twenty common amino acids ,a 21st amino acid has been discovered and shown to be active site of several enzymes including glutathione peroxidise and 5 deiodinase. Identify the amino acid
a.Ornithine b. Selenocysteine c. Citrulline d.Desmosine
Answer:b
211.For proteins to function properly they must fold into the correct shape. The proteins which assist in the folding process are termed
a.Haptoglobin b.Benc Jones proteins c.Chaperones d. Immunoglobulins
Answer:c
212.Name the lipoprotein required for reverse cholesterol transport
a.HDL b.LDL c.VLDL d.IDL
Answer:a
213.Na-K pump causes transport of sodium and potassium ions with expenditure of ATP energy. This is an example of
a.Facilitated transport b.Passive diffusion c.Primary active transport d.Secondary active transport
Answer:c
214.Large sizeRBCs are seen in the following vitamin deficiency disorder
a.Beri Beri b.Pernicious anaemia c.Scurvy d.rickets
Answer:b
215. Following an acute episode of myocardial infarction the following proteins appear in blood except a.Myoglobin b.Troponins c. Creatine kinase d.Amylase
Answer:d
216.Risk of accelerated atherosclerosis is maximum in a patient having
a.Familial hypercholesterolemia b.Essential Fructosuria c.Classical galactosemia d.Maple syrup urine disease
Answer:a
217.Some vitamins have antioxidant properties and therefore considered useful for prevention of cancers and atherosclerosis. Antioxidant properties have been demonstrated for all the following vitamins except
a. Ascorbic acid( vitamin C) b. Retinol( vitamin A) c. Alpha tocoferol (vitamin E ) d.Thiamine (vitamin B1)
Answer:d
218. Vitamin D is generated in skin following exposure to sunlight but it has to be converted to its biologically active form by hydroxylation reactions in
a.Brain b.Liver and kidney c. Adrenal medulla and bone d.Intestine and placenta
Answer:b
219. A person who appeared clinically as having jaundice was investigated. The lab reports showing elevated conjugated bilirubin, normal unconjugated bilirubin and absent faecal urobilinogen suggest diagnosis of
a.Hemolysis b.Hepatitis c.Biliary obstruction d.Absence of glucuronosyl transferase enzyme
Answer:c
220.Paternalistic approach of doctor patient relationship denotes
a.In this approach patient is in charge of the decision making of his / her medical condition and physician acts as a technical expert
b.In this approach the doctor dominates the decision making and patient is expected to comply with same without questioning
c.In this approach the doctor plays the role of advisor by interpreting medical status of the patient.
d. In this approach the doctor is a teacher or friend towards his patient and explains various treatment measures and convinces patient for more valuable measures.
Answer:d
221. The rate of DNA synthesis in a culture of cells could be most accurately determined by measuring the incorporation of which of the following radio labelled compounds
a. Adenine b.Guanine c.Phosphate d.Thymidine
Answer:d
222.A 30 year old man was admitted to the hospital with a week long history of severe vomiting. He was clinically severely dehydrated and had shallow respiration. ABG analysis showed Ph- 7.5, PCO 2-51 mm Hg ,Na- 146mmol/ litre, K-2 .8 mmol/ litre ,Cl- 83 mmol/ litre ,Bicarbonate- 42 mmol/ litre .What is the underlying acid base disorder ?
a.Metabolic acidosis b.Metabolic alkalosis c.Respiratory acidosis d.Respiratory alkalosis
Answer:b
223.What condition is caused by iodine deficiency during pregnancy and is characterised by stunted growth, deafness and mental retardation ?
a.Cretinism b.Keshan disease c.Multiple sclerosis d.Crohn’s disease
Answer:a
224.The intravenous administration of hemin is required during acute porphyria attacks. The hemin decreases the synthesis of which of the following enzyme?
a. ALA synthase b. Uroporphyrinogen synthase III c. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase d. Ferrocheletase
Answer:a
225.All the bases are found in mRNA except
a.Adenine b. Guanine c.Uracil d.Thymine
Answer:d
226.DNA footprinting technique is used for the detection of
a.DNA binding proteins b.Antibodies c.Tandem repeats on DNA d.RNA
Answer:a
227. RNA produced from a fragment ofDNA has a sequence of UAAGGC. The sequence of non template strand of the DNA that has given rise to this RNA sequence will be
a. CGGAAT b.UAAGGC c.TAAGGC d.ATTCCG
Answer:c
228. All the following diseases may be associated with obesity except
a.Grave’s disease b.Cushing’s syndrome c.Metabolic syndrome d.Diabetes mellitus
Answer:a
229.The following are clinical features of pellagra except
a.Diarrhoea b.Dementia c.Dermatitis d.Dental carries
Answer:d
230.Which of the following is required for hydroxylation of proline in nascent collagen polypeptide chains?
a. Ascorbate b.Vitamin A c.Selenium d.Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Answer:a
231. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia with raised alkaline phosphate levels (ALP) are characteristic of a.Obstructive jaundice b.Hemolytic jaundice c.Viral hepatitis d.Physiological jaundice
Answer:a
232.The extracellular cation present in maximum concentration is
a. Potassium b.Magnesium c.Sodium d.Calcium
Answer:c
233.The following test confirms the diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome
a.Metyapone test b.Saline suppression test c.Determination of plasma metanephrine d. Dexamethasone suppression test
Answer:d
234.The following vitamin is activated in the kidney
a.Vitamin A b.Vitamin D c.Riboflavin d.Vitamin E
Answer:b
235.The normal concentration of CSF glucose is approximately
a.Two thirds of blood glucose concentration b. 1/3rd of blood glucose concentration c. Same as blood glucose concentration d. Double the blood glucose concentration
Answer:a
236. A 43 year old woman presented by the history of hot flashes, hypertension and frequent diarrhoea. The 24 hour urine levels of 5- HIAA (5 hydroxyl indole acetic acid) a breakdown product of serotonin was found to be highly elevated what is the probable diagnosis?
a. Pheochromocytoma b.Carcinoid tumour c.Hartnup’s disease d.Hyperthyroidism
Answer:b
237. DNA synthesis occurs during
a.M phase b.G1 phase c.S phase d.G2 phase
Answer:c
238.Which of the following is not a hemoprotein?
a. Myoglobin b.Cytochrome P450 c.Tryptophan pyrrolase d. Arginase
Answer:d
239.Menke’s kinky hair syndrome is caused due to defective absorption of
a. Iodine b.Copper c.Iron d.Zinc
Answer:b
240.In which of the following conditions the urine is positive for ketone
a.Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus b.Obesity c.Hypothyroidism d.Scurvy
Answer:a
Biochemistry (Paper A and B Feb 2023/02 Mains)
Q.2 A mother of new born baby came to OPD and described that baby is having irritability,feeding problem and abnormal movements.Biochemical analysis showed metabolic acidosis and urine analysis showed presence of ketone bodies and burn sugar smell(2+2+5+3)
a.What is the most probable diagnosis?
b.Which amino acids are likely to be increaded in blood and urine?
c.Explain defective pathway?
d.What is biochemical basis for symptoms?
Q3.Write short notes on 5×4
a.Effect of temperature on enzymes activity
b.Heteropolysaccharides
c.21st amino acid
d.Essential fatty acids
Q4.Explain why: 3×5
a.Ethanol is used in methanol poisoning
b.Thyroxine hormone maintains BMR
c.Galactosemic infants present with premature cataract
d.Fatty acid oxidation defect leads to non ketolic hypoglycemia
e.Carcinoid syndrome leads to pellagra
Q5.Write short notes on
a.Regulation of glycogen metabolism 6×3
b.Enzyme inhibition with special emphasis on suicidal enzyme inhibition
c.Discuss VLDL metabolism
Q6 Write short notes on5x3
a.Metabolic alteration in starvation
b.Biochemical function of vitamin C
c.Boundaries of doctor patient relationship
———————————————————————————————–
Q2.An elderly couple was found unconscious early morning by the help.It was noticed that angithi was burning and all the doors and windows were shut. (3+4+3+2)
a.What is the most probable diagnosis?
b.What is the biochemical basis behind loss of consciousness?
c.How is such a condition managed?
d.Explain the cause,manifestation and management of any other condition which can lead to loss of consciousness in an elderly person?
Q3Write short notes on 5×4
a.Alternative splicing
b.Probes
c.Polymersase chain reaction
d.Okazakin fragments
Q4 Explain why 3×5
a.CD4/CD8 ratio is reduced in AIDS
b.Blood group is done before transfusion
c.Diet rich in folic acid is recommended in first trimester of pregnancy
d.Vaccines are given to infants
e.p53 is called a tumor suppressor gene
Q5 Write short notes on 6×3
a.Renal function tests
b.Extracellular matrix
c.Kwashiorkor and Marasmus
Q6.Write short notes on 5×3
a.Regulated expression of a gene
b.Humoral immunity
c.Aspect of non verbal communication
———————————————————————————————————-
Biochemistry (Paper A and B 2023/06 Supplementary)
Q.2 A new born baby developed jaundice on 3rd day after the birth. Blood test revealed unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.(3+4+3+2)
a. What is the diagnosis?
b. What are the probable causes of developing this condition?
c. How is such a case managed?
d. Give two causes of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
Q.3. Write short notes on(5×4)
a. Glutathione
b. Glycosides
C. Micelles
d. Glycated hemoglobin
Q.4. Explain why (3×5)
a. Trans fatty acids are harmful.
b. Curd is advised in patients with lactose intolerance
C. Phenylketonuric infants are fair
d. Exercise intolerance is observed in McArdle disease.
e. Dietary fibers are beneficial for health
Q.5. Write short notes on (6×3)
a. Role of enzymes in diagnostic
b. Biochemical basis of toxicity of hyperammonemia
C. Biochemical role of vitamin A
Q.6. Write short notes(5×3)
a. Discuss the types of doctor-patient relationship.
b. Discuss the causes and consequences of alcoholics.
C. Discuss the regulation of ketone body metabolism.
————————————————————————————————————-
Q.2. An obese (BMI 32 kg/m2) 45 year old male presented to the emergency with acute chest pain radiating to left arm. His ECG showed changes typical of an acute myocardial infarction.
a. Name the biomarkers having specificity for myocardial infarction.(2+5+2+3)
b. Draw a graph to show the time of onset of cardiac biomarker elevations in acute myocardial infarction.
C. How is BMI calculated?
d. What is atherosclerosis?
Q.3. Write short notes on(5×4)
a. Messenger RNA
b. Restriction enzymes
c. Initiation of protein synthesis
d. Role of non-verbal gestures in doctor-patient communication
Q.4. Explain why (3×5)
a. Creatinine is a better assessor of kidney function than urea.
b. Hyper ammonemia occurs in urea cycle defects.
C. Antigen presenting cells have a major role in cellular immunity.
d. Pedigree chart is important tool in prenatal diagnosis of thallasemias.
e. Monoclonal antibodies are required in laboratory for diagnosis of some disease.
Q.5. Write short notes on(6×3)
a. Tumor markers
b. Vitamin A
c. Thyroid function tests
Q.6. Write short notes(5×3)
a. Post transcriptional modifications
b. Nutritional anaemias
c. Fatty acid synthesis
—————————————————————————-
Biochemistry 2023/11(Mains A and B)
Q.2 A 3 year old boy is brought to the hospital OPD with complaints of delayed developments and inability to speak or walk properly.On examination the boy was fpound to be mentally retarded with characteristic tremors.On examination the boy had areas of hypopigmentation on skin and hair.His urine was found to have a mousy odour and gave a positive ferric chloride test.(2+2+3+3+2)
a.What is the most probable diagnosis?
b.What is the enzyme deficiency in this disorder?
c.What is the biochemical basis of mental retardation in this case?
d. What is the biochemical basis of hypopigmented skin and hair in this case?
e.What are the investigations and treatment suggested for this disorder?
Q.3.Write short notes on:-5×4
a. Compare and contrast primary and secondary structure of proteins with examples and diagrams.
b. Define ketone bodies.Explain briefly their synthesis and degradation in our body.
c. Explain primary and secondary active transport mechanism with suitable examples.
d. Classify enzymes with suitable examples.
Q.4 Explain why: -3×5
a. HMP shunt is important for our body
b. HbA1C test is used for monitoring of diabetes mellitis
c. Hexokinase is preferred over Glukokinase for blood glucose estimation.
d. Fruity smell from mouth is seen in diabetic ketoacidosis
e. HDL is called good cholesterol.
Q.5. Short notes on:6×3
a. Enumerate the diagnostic markers of Myocardial Infarction(MI).Explain with diagram the pattern of rise of these markers following an acute MI.
b. Define oxidative phosphorylation.Discuss the inhibitors of electron transport chain(ETC)
c. Explain briefly the role of hormones in regulation of blood glucose in our body.
Q.6. Short notes:-5×3
a. Biochemical function of vitamin D
b. Eicosanoids and their clinical applications
c. Role and duties of a patient.
———————————————————————————————–
2. A 45 year old woman presented to the OPD with the complaints of palpitation,tremors in her hands,diarrhea and significant loss of weight.On examination she had tachycardia and fine tremors in the handswhen stretched out.ECG findings were consistent with sinus tachycardia .Her thyroid profile report is as follows:.(4+3+2+3)
Parameter Patient value Biological reference range
FT3 6.2pg/ml 1.2-4.4pg/ml
FT4 27microg/dl 5.0-12.0microg/dl
TSH 0.03 mIU/L 0.5-5mIU/L
a.Interpret the thyroid profile and suggest a provisional diagnosis.
b.Explain the biochemical basis of her presenting complaints.
c.i.Enumerate any two conditions which can lead to such a picture.
ii.Explain the biochemical basis of any one of them.
3. Write short notes on:-5×4
a. Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity
b. Structure of tRNA
c. Chemical carcinogenesis
d. Functions of glycosaminoglycans
4.Explain why:-3×5
a.Intake of rice and pulses together is beneficial
b. Uracil is present in RNA but not in DNA
c. Bleeding diathesis is common in obstructive jaundice
d. Anaemia is observed in chronic renal failure
e. Patients with extensive burns are prone to infections
5. Short notes on:-6×3
a. Renal function tests
b. Base excision repair
c. Compare and contrast apoptosis and necrosis
6. Short notes on:-5×3
a. Role of a Physician in the society
b. Vaccines
c. Southern blotting
———————————————————————————————————————
Biochemistry(Paper A and B BF 2024/02 Supplementary)
A 45 year old obese lady presented with intolerance to fatty food and pain in the right upper abdominal region.On examination her eyes were yellowish and stools were clay colored in appearance.Lab tests: Serum total bilirubin-15mg%,direct bilirubin 12mg%,AST 55U/L.ATL 60U/L and ALP 600U/L(2+2+3+5)
a.What is the most probable diagnosis?
b.What are the probable causes of this type of Jaundice?
c.What is the biochemical basis of clay colored stools in this case?
d.How do you differentiate this type of jaundice with other types of jaundice?
Q3.Write short notes on : 5×4
a.Explain the mechanism of allosteric modulation of enzyme activity with examples?
b.Compare and contrast oxidative phosphorylation and substrate level phosphorylation with suitable examples?
c.Describe metabolic adaptation during starvation?
d.Describe the key regulatory reaction of cholesterol synthesis with its clinical significance.Enumerate specialized compounds formed from cholesterol?
Q4.Explain why.3×5
a.Glucose -6 phosphate is considered at the crossroad of metabolism.
b.Kreb cycle is amphibolic in nature.
c.Mitochondria is power house of cell.
d.Ammonia is toxic to brain.e.Urine has a mousy odour in phenylketonuria.
Q5.Write short notes on:6×3
a..Describe tyrosine metabolism.Enumerate the useful metabolic products formed from tyrosine.
b.Enumerate the substrates for gluconeogenesis.Explain briefly the process of gluconeogenesis?
c.Explain the steps of urea cycle?How it is regulated?
Q6.Write short notes on:5×3
a.Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation
b.Competitive inhibition of enzymes
c.Role and duties of a doctor?
Q2.An 11 year old boy got admitted with complaints of puffiness in his face and swelling in his legs for the past one month.His parents also informed that his urine was foamy.On examination,he had pedal edema and puffiness around his eyes.The pediatrician asked for a few investigations and reports were as follows:
Urea 40 mg/dL;Creatinine 1 mg/dL;Cholesterol 300mg/dL;Total protein 3.5g/dL;Albumin 1.5g/dL;Urea protein+++
a.Interpret the biochemical reports.What is the most probable diagnosis?
b.What is the biochemical basis of pedal edema?
c.What is the basis of hypercholesterolemia?
d.How is urinary protein detected? (3+2+3+4)
Q3.Write short notes on:5×4
a.Antigen presenting cells
b.RNA editing
c.Collagen
d.BMR
Q4.Explain why:3×5
a.Fibres are beneficial for health
b.Lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously
c.Hypoalbuminemia leads to edema
d.Creatinine clearance is a better indicator of GFR as compared to urea clearance
e.Specific dynamic action(SDA) of food is important.
Q5.Write short notes on 6×3
a.Thyroid function tests
b.Mitochondrial DNA
c.Compare and contrast oncogenes and tumour suppressor gene
Q6.Write short notes(5×3)
a.Aspects of doctor patient relationship
b.Keratin and elastin
c.Steps of polymerase chain reaction
BF/2024/08
Q2.Read the case history and answer the questions that follow
A person is brought to the emergency in a comatose state. The following tests results were obtained blood glucose- 400 mg % ,Benedicts test in urine -brick rate ppt, Rothera’s test in urine- positive, Serum bicarbonate- 12 mmol / litre, Blood pH- 7.14 (1+3+4+4)
a.What is the likely diagnosis
b.What is the WHO criteria used for the diagnosis?
c.Explain the altered levels of bicarbonate and pH
d.Describe the various chronic complications in this condition
Q3.Write short notes on: (5×4)
a.Fatty liver
b.Structural organisation of amino acids in proteins. Describe the consequence of the alteration in amino acid sequence on the properties of haemoglobin.
c.Vitamin K cycle and mechanism of action of vitamin K
d.Biological functions and therapeutic role of prostaglandins.
Q4. Explain why: (3×5)
a.Aspirin acts as an anti-platelet agent
b. Vitamin B-12 deficiency causes macrocytic anaemia
c. Km is increased in competitive inhibition
d.Patients with galactosemia have cataract
e. Uncouplers of ETC increase heat production
Q5. Write short notes on:
a.Synthesis, transport and detoxification of ammonia in the body
b. Outline pathway for synthesis of glucose from lactate in the body. Give its regulation
c. Metabolism of LDL and itsclinical importance
Q6. Write short notes: (5×3)
a.Describe the importance of empathy in doctor patient relationship
b. Integrated metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in fasting state.
c. Mechanism of action of enzymes and various factors affecting enzyme activity
Q2.A two year old male baby presented in the OPD with complaints of ulcers over the lips and mouth and diarrhoea. On physical examination he was lethargic, liver was enlarged and edema present on the body. Lab investigations showed serum albumin 1.7 gm/dl.(2+3+5+2)
a.What is the most probable diagnosis?
b. What is the biochemical basis of hepatomegaly in this case?
c. Compare and contrast the above condition with marasmus disorder.
d. How to treat this condition?
Q3. Write short notes on(5×4)
a.Transfer RNA (tRNA)
b. Southern blotting
c.Biochemical tests to distinguish hepatic and cholestatic jaundice
d. Potential barriers to effective communication skills in healthcare settings
Q4. Explain why(3×5)
a.5 fluorouracil is used as an anti cancer drug
b. Low glycemic index foods are advised for patients with diabetes
c. Hyperuricemia is seen in Lesch Nyan syndrome.
d. Excess of fluoride intake is harmful for the body.
e. Administration of drugs such as barbiturates worsens symptoms in acute intermittent porphyria.
Q5. Write short notes on(6×3)
a.Compare and contrast genomic and cDNA libraries
b. Structure of collagen
c.Tumour suppressor genes
Q6.Writeshort notes on:
a.Nucleotide excision repair mechanism
b.Polymerase chain reaction
c.Ehler danlos syndrome
BF/2024/10
Q2. A preterm infant is born to a diabetic mother and presents with severe respiratory distress.(3+4+3+2)
a.What is the diagnosis?
b. What is the biochemical reason behind respiratory distress?
c. How can such a condition be diagnosed in utero?
d. How is the condition managed?
Q3.Write short notes on (5×4)
a.Reverse cholesterol transport
b.Secondary structure of proteins
c.Structure and function of cell membrane
d. Suicide inhibition of enzymes
Q4.Explain why(3×5)
a.Cyanide is toxic
b. Allopurinol is used in treatment of Gout
c. Patients with obstructive jaundice pass pale stools
d.Lipotropic factors are useful in prevention of fatty liver.
e. Patients with type II hyperlipidemia present with premature CAD
Q5. Write short notes on(6×3)
a.Regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis
b. Isoenzymes and their clinical importance
c.Discuss the long term complications of diabetes mellitus
Q6.Write short notes(5×3)
a.What are the principles of doctor patient communication?
b. Role of uncouplers in oxidative phosphorylation?
c. Discuss the special products obtained from tyrosine
Q2 A 52 year old man comes for his annual health checkup. He is a senior executive with predominantly desk job with regular long working hours. He often consumes junk food from the office canteen and was a chronic smoker and alcoholic. On examination weight- 112 kg ,height- 160 centimetre ,blood sugar fasting- 120 mg /dl, HbA1C 6.4%, total cholesterol -272mg/dl,triglycerides- 396mg/dl,HDL-c- 29mg/dl
a.Calculate the body mass index and interpret the result
b. What are risk factors for lifestyle disorder in this man ?
c.What steps should be taken to prevent the complications if any that may arise from the man’s lifestyle and biochemical profile? (4+4+4)
Q3. Write short notes on(5×4)
a.Define the ADA criteria for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
b.Explain the mechanism of action of inhibitors of prokaryotic translational machinery
c. Structure and function of collagen
d. Differentiate between phase I and phase II reactions of xenobiotic metabolism
Q4 Explain why: (3×5)
a.Telomerase is expressed in cancer cells
b.P53 is considered guardian of the genome
c.t RNA is required in translational process
d.Apolipoprotein B 100 and apolipoprotein B48 have different molecular weight although they are derived from the same transcript
e. Hyper extensible joints are seen in patients with Ehlers Danlos syndrome
Q5. Write short notes on (6×3)
a. Explain the biochemical basis of the lab findings in nephrotic syndrome
b. Differentiate between live and killed vaccines
c. Polymerase chain reaction
Q6.Write short notes on(5×3)
a.Describe the salient features of doctor patient communication
b. Explain the biochemical basis of xeroderma pigmentosum
c. Explain the role of kidneys in acid base homeostasis
Disclaimer:
Students should note that the framing of some questions is ambiguous. While every effort has been made to cross-check the answers, students are advised to cross-check the solutions where there is a doubt. If you find that any answer provided needs revision, kindly mail at buzzdesire@yahoo.com